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工具类：Java版HttpClient实现Http请求
2020-09-11 23:05:38

我们在开发过程中，经常需要进行http请求去调用各种接口和各种文档，比如微信公众号开发过程中，需要进程调用一些接口，像获取AccessToken，获取openid，QQ登录也要调用授权接口，微服务开发有时候也是直接用http请求来操作。

这里笔记一篇Java版本的Http请求工具类，主要是get请求和post请求，并且post请求参数主要是一个json字符串，具体怎么生成json字符串，大家可以用Gson把Map转即可。

Maveny依赖

  1. <dependency>
  2.     <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
  3.     <artifactId>httpclient</artifactId>
  4.     <version>4.5.5</version>
  5. </dependency>
  6.       <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.httpcomponents/httpcore -->
  7. <dependency>
  8.     <groupId>org.apache.httpcomponents</groupId>
  9.     <artifactId>httpcore</artifactId>
  10.     <version>4.4.9</version>
  11. </dependency>

HttpUtils.java

  1. /**
  2.  * http请求工具类
  3.  * @author lwh
  4.  * @date 20181130
  5.  * setConnectTimeout：设置连接超时时间，单位毫秒。
  6.  * setConnectionRequestTimeout：设置从connect Manager(连接池)获取Connection 超时时间，单位毫秒。这个属性是新加的属性，因为目前版本是可以共享连接池的。
  7.  * setSocketTimeout：请求获取数据的超时时间(即响应时间)，单位毫秒。 如果访问一个接口，多少时间内无法返回数据，就直接放弃此次调用。
  8.  */
  9. public class HttpUtils {
  10.     private static final Integer  CONNECT_TIMEOUT = 5000;//接超时时间，单位毫秒
  11.     private static final Integer  CONNECT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 1000;//从connect Manager(连接池)获取Connection 超时时间，单位毫秒。
  12.     private static final Integer  SOCKET_TIMEOUT = 5000;//响应时间
  13.     /**
  14.      * url get请求
  15.      * @param url 访问的url
  16.      * @return
  17.      * @throws Exception
  18.      */
  19.     public static String doGet(String url){
  20.         String result = "";
  21.         System.out.println("get请求的url:"+url);
  22.         try {
  23.             HttpResponse response = doGet(url, null, CONNECT_TIMEOUT, CONNECT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT, SOCKET_TIMEOUT);
  24.             result = getString(response);
  25.         } catch (Exception e) {
  26.             e.printStackTrace();
  27.         }
  28.         System.out.println("返回的值："+result);
  29.         return result;
  30.     }
  31.     /**
  32.      * url post请求
  33.      * @param url 请求的url
  34.      * @param json 传输的json信息，建议全部转换成json回来
  35.      * @return
  36.      * @throws Exception
  37.      */
  38.     public static String doPost(String url,String json) {
  39.         String result = "";
  40.         System.out.println("post请求的url:"+url);
  41.         try {
  42.             HttpResponse response = doPost(url, json, CONNECT_TIMEOUT, CONNECT_REQUEST_TIMEOUT, SOCKET_TIMEOUT);
  43.             result = getString(response);
  44.         } catch (Exception e) {
  45.             e.printStackTrace();
  46.         }
  47.         System.out.println("返回的值："+result);
  48.         return result;
  49.     }
  52.     public static HttpResponse doGet(String path,Map<String, String> querys,Integer connectTimeout,Integer ConnectionRequestTimeout,Integer responseConnectTimeout)
  53.             throws Exception {
  54.         HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(path);
  55.         HttpGet request = new HttpGet(path);
  56.         RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()  
  57.                 .setConnectTimeout(connectTimeout).setConnectionRequestTimeout(ConnectionRequestTimeout)  
  58.                 .setSocketTimeout(responseConnectTimeout).build();  
  59.         request.setConfig(requestConfig);  
  61.         return httpClient.execute(request);
  62.     }
  63.     public static HttpResponse doPost(String path,
  64.                                       Map<String, Object> bodys,Integer connectTimeout,Integer ConnectionRequestTimeout,Integer responseConnectTimeout)
  65.             throws Exception {
  66.         HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(path);
  67.         HttpPost request = new HttpPost(path);
  68.         RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()  
  69.                 .setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)  
  70.                 .setSocketTimeout(5000).build();  
  71.         request.setConfig(requestConfig);  
  72.         if (bodys != null) {
  73.             List<NameValuePair> nameValuePairList = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
  74.             for (String key : bodys.keySet()) {
  75.                 nameValuePairList.add(new BasicNameValuePair(key, bodys.get(key).toString()));
  76.             }
  77.             UrlEncodedFormEntity formEntity = new UrlEncodedFormEntity(nameValuePairList, "utf-8");
  78.             formEntity.setContentType("application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8");
  79.             request.setEntity(formEntity);
  80.         }
  81.         return httpClient.execute(request);
  82.     }
  83. public static HttpResponse doPost(String path,
  84.            String  jsonBody,Integer connectTimeout,Integer ConnectionRequestTimeout,Integer responseConnectTimeout)
  85.                     throws Exception {
  86.         HttpClient httpClient = wrapClient(path);
  87.         HttpPost request = new HttpPost(path);
  88.         request.setHeader("Content-Type", "application/json;charset=UTF-8");
  89.         RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom()  
  90.                 .setConnectTimeout(5000).setConnectionRequestTimeout(1000)  
  91.                 .setSocketTimeout(5000).build();  
  92.         request.setConfig(requestConfig); 
  93.         if (jsonBody != null) {
  94.             StringEntity entity = new StringEntity(jsonBody,"UTF-8");
  95.             entity.setContentType("application/json");
  96.             request.setEntity(entity);
  97.         }
  98.         return httpClient.execute(request);
  99. }
  102.     /**
  103.      * 获取 HttpClient
  104.      * @param path
  105.      * @return
  106.      */
  107.     private static HttpClient wrapClient(String path) {
  108.         HttpClient httpClient = HttpClientBuilder.create().build();
  109.         if (path != null && path.startsWith("https://")) {
  110.             return sslClient();
  111.         }
  112.         return httpClient;
  113.     }
  115.     /**
  116.      * 在调用SSL之前需要重写验证方法，取消检测SSL
  117.      * 创建ConnectionManager，添加Connection配置信息
  118.      * @return HttpClient 支持https
  119.      */
  120.     private static HttpClient sslClient() {
  121.         try {
  122.             // 在调用SSL之前需要重写验证方法，取消检测SSL
  123.             X509TrustManager trustManager = new X509TrustManager() {
  124.                 public void checkClientTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
  125.                 public void checkServerTrusted(X509Certificate[] chain, String authType) throws CertificateException {}
  126.                 public X509Certificate[] getAcceptedIssuers() {
  127.                     return null;
  128.                 }
  129.             };
  130.             SSLContext ctx = SSLContext.getInstance(SSLConnectionSocketFactory.TLS);
  131.             ctx.init(null, new TrustManager[] { trustManager }, null);
  132.             SSLConnectionSocketFactory socketFactory = new SSLConnectionSocketFactory(ctx, NoopHostnameVerifier.INSTANCE);
  133.             // 创建Registry
  134.             RequestConfig requestConfig = RequestConfig.custom().setCookieSpec(CookieSpecs.STANDARD_STRICT)
  135.                     .setExpectContinueEnabled(Boolean.TRUE).setTargetPreferredAuthSchemes(Arrays.asList(AuthSchemes.NTLM,AuthSchemes.DIGEST))
  136.                     .setProxyPreferredAuthSchemes(Arrays.asList(AuthSchemes.BASIC)).build();
  137.             Registry<ConnectionSocketFactory> socketFactoryRegistry = RegistryBuilder.<ConnectionSocketFactory>create()
  138.                     .register("http", PlainConnectionSocketFactory.INSTANCE)
  139.                     .register("https",socketFactory).build();
  140.             // 创建ConnectionManager，添加Connection配置信息
  141.             PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager connectionManager = new PoolingHttpClientConnectionManager(socketFactoryRegistry);
  142.             CloseableHttpClient closeableHttpClient = HttpClients.custom().setConnectionManager(connectionManager)
  143.                     .setDefaultRequestConfig(requestConfig).build();
  144.             return closeableHttpClient;
  145.         } catch (KeyManagementException ex) {
  146.             throw new RuntimeException(ex);
  147.         } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException ex) {
  148.             throw new RuntimeException(ex);
  149.         }
  150.     }
  152.     public static String getString(HttpResponse httpResponse) throws IOException {
  153.         HttpEntity entity = httpResponse.getEntity();
  154.         String resp = EntityUtils.toString(entity, "UTF-8");
  155.         return resp;
  156.     }
  158.     public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
  159.         String url ="https://www.suibibk.com/blog/579412311547052032/555875030676799488/639387539102236672";
  160.         System.out.println(doGet(url));
  161.         System.out.println(doPost(url,null));
  162.     }
  163. }

注意：post请求传递的json参数，必须接口支持json参数传递，例如下面的springboot请求：

  1. @RequestMapping("/test")
  2.     @ResponseBody
  3.     public Map  test(@RequestBody Model model) {
  4.         System.out.println(model);
  5.         Map<String,Object> map = new HashMap();
  6.         map.put("哈哈哈", "狗子");
  7.         return map;
  8.     }
  1. @RequestBody  注解

如果单纯的用HttpServletRequest 来接收是接收不了的，如下：

  1. public List<Chapter>  getChapters(HttpServletRequest request)

如果也想要接收，就不能传json模式，只能够Map模式。

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